Trends in Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Among Young Adults in Indonesia: A Literature Review from 2022-2024

Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health issues in Indonesia; they are no longer limited to the elderly but are also on the rise among younger age groups. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two priority NCDs closely linked to lifestyle changes, such as lack of physical activity, unhealthy diets, obesity, and sedentary behavior. This study aims to analyze trends in hypertension and diabetes mellitus among younger age groups in Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative descriptive approach through a literature review and analysis of secondary data sourced from the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) and the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). The analysis was conducted by comparing the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among the young population based on data available from these two national surveys. The results indicate that the prevalence of hypertension among the young population decreased from 13.22% in 2018 to 9.3% in 2023. Conversely, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased from 1.6% in 2018 to 1.8% in 2023. These findings suggest that trends in NCDs among young people do not always move in the same direction across indicators. Although there was a decrease in the prevalence of hypertension, the increase in diabetes mellitus indicates that risk factors for NCDs in the younger age group still require attention. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent and control NCDs through the promotion of healthy lifestyles, early detection, and ongoing health screenings among young people.