Analysis of Disparities in Household Access to Adequate Sanitation Across Regions in Indonesia in 2024

Abstract

Access to adequate sanitation is an important indicator of public health development and forms part of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Although the coverage of adequate sanitation in Indonesia has continued to improve, disparities in access across regions remain a significant challenge. This study aimed to analyze regional disparities in household access to adequate sanitation in Indonesia in 2024. A descriptive quantitative method was employed. The data were obtained from the Indonesia Health Profile 2024 published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and were analyzed descriptively based on provincial and area-type classifications. The results showed that substantial disparities in access to adequate sanitation still exist among provinces in Indonesia. The provinces with the highest access to adequate sanitation were Bali (96.83%), followed by the Special Region of Yogyakarta (96.71%) and DKI Jakarta (94.01%), while the lowest access was found in Highland Papua (12.61%), Central Papua (48.34%), and South Papua (57.13%). The gap between the highest- and lowest-performing provinces reached 84.22 percentage points. Based on area type, access to adequate sanitation in urban areas (84.06%) remained higher than in rural areas (82.93%). These disparities may increase the risk of health problems, widen welfare inequalities, and hinder the achievement of equitable health development. Therefore, efforts to promote equitable sanitation infrastructure development and improve access to sanitation services, particularly in low-performing regions, are needed to support improvements in public health status and the achievement of the SDGs targets.