Legal Protection of Women Against AI-Based Cybercrime (Deepfake, Harassment, and Exploitation)

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection of women against AI-based cybercrime, focusing on deepfake pornography, AI-driven online harassment, and digital identity exploitation within the Indonesian legal system. The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence has facilitated new forms of technology-enabled violence that disproportionately target women, raising serious concerns regarding legal certainty, victim protection, and effective law enforcement. The central legal issue lies in the existence of a legal vacuum in regulating AI-based cybercrime, particularly the absence of explicit legal recognition of deepfake as digital sexual violence, the lack of adequate regulation of AI-based harassment as gender-based violence, and the insufficient legal framework addressing the exploitation of personal data and digital identity. This research employs a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches, analyzing relevant regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Sexual Violence Crimes Law, the Pornography Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Criminal Code. The findings indicate that Indonesian positive law has not fully accommodated the complexity of AI-driven cybercrime, resulting in weak protection for victims and difficulties in law enforcement. This study proposes a prescriptive legal framework through the explicit criminalization of deepfake-related offenses, the recognition of AI-based harassment as gender-based cyber violence, and the integration of data protection and victim protection mechanisms to ensure comprehensive legal protection for women in digital spaces